Rubric - Quick Guide for all Content Areas

A rubric is a tool that teachers use to assess many different types of assignments including written work, projects, speeches, and more. Every rubric is divided into a set of criteria (ex: organization, evidence, conclusion) with descriptors or markers of quality to explain each criterion. A rubric also has a rating scale that uses point values or standard performance levels to identify a students level of mastery for an assignment. The rating scale on a rubric makes it an excellent way to grade an assignment as well as a way to progress monitor student performance over time. Rubrics are also useful as teaching tools that spell out expectations for students to follow. Research shows that student input in constructing rubrics can improve scores and engagement. Finally, rubrics can also be used to facilitate self and peer reviews of student work. Rubric Criterion Generally, all rubrics, regardless of subject matter, contain criteria for introductions and conclusions. Standards of English, or grammar and spelling, are also criteria common in a rubric. There are, however, many different criteria or measurements in a rubric that are subject specific. For example, in a rubric for an English literary essay, the criteria might include: Purpose or thesis statementOrganizationEvidence and support In contrast, a rubric for a science lab report might feature other measurements such as: ProblemDefinitionsData and resultsSolution The descriptors for the criteria contains qualifying language for each level of performance that links the rubric assignment or task to the lesson or units learning objectives. These descriptors are what make a rubric different from a checklist. The explanations detail the quality of each element in a rubric according to a standard of mastery while a checklist does not. Scoring with Rubric Descriptors Student work can be rated on a rubric according to different scales or levels of mastery. Some examples of levels on rubric could be: 5-scale rubric: mastery, accomplished, developing, emerging, unacceptable4-scale rubric: above proficiency, proficient, approaching proficiency, below proficiency3-scale rubric: outstanding, satisfactory, unsatisfactory The descriptors on the rubric are different for each level of mastery. Take, for example, the difference in the language in a 3-scale rubric that rates student work for the criterion incorporation of evidence: Outstanding: Appropriate and accurate evidence is explained  well.  Satisfactory: Appropriate evidence is explained, however, some inaccurate information is included.  Unsatisfactory: Evidence is missing or irrelevant. When the teacher uses a rubric to score student work, the value of each element must be done in increments, and different point values can be assigned. For example, a rubric can be organized to award 12 points for outstanding use of evidence, 8 points for satisfactory use of evidence, and 4 points for unsatisfactory use of evidence. It is possible to weight one criterion or element to count more heavily in the grading. For example, a social studies teacher may decide to triple the points for the incorporation of evidence in a students response. Increasing the value for this element to 36 points when the other elements in an assignment are 12 points each indicates to the student the importance of this criterion. In this example, the assignment, now worth a total of 72 points, could be broken down as follows: Introduction or thesis- 12 pointsEvidence- 36 pointsOrganization-12 pointsConclusion-12 points Reasons for Rubrics When rubrics are given to the students before they complete their work, students have a better understanding of how they will be assessed. Rubrics may also help reduce the time spent on grading which may result in an increase of time spent on teaching. One important benefit of using rubrics for assignments is that they help teachers develop consistency in evaluating student performance across a class. When used on a larger scale, rubrics can provide a consistent scoring method across a grade,  school, or district. For some assignments, multiple teachers can grade a students work using the same rubric and then average those grades. This process, known as calibration, can help build teacher agreement around the different levels such as exemplary, proficient, and developing. More on Rubrics: Creating and Using RubricsHow to Create Rubrics

Plagiarism And Plagiarism For Academic Integrity - 995 Words

In my opinion, academic integrity refers to the principles associated with being honest and responsible in one academic work. Academic integrity is a vital concept for all academic institutions throughout the globe especially in an era where academic dishonesty is gaining momentum. Cheating and plagiarism represent unethical academic behaviors against which higher academic institutions have been battling against. Nowadays, plagiarism and cheating tools have been greatly influenced by new technological trends providing students with unethical solutions going against academic integrity. I will now proceed on elaborating on the behavioral characteristics going against academic integrity then, I will highlight the danger associated with plagiarism before finally concluding my argumentation with the reasons behind the rise of academic dishonesty. Cheating can be defined as to deceive or trick or to act dishonestly. (Oxford Dictionaries, 2015). Moreover, plagiarism can be defined as â₠¬Å"the practice of taking someone else s work or ideas and passing them off as one s own.† (Oxford Dictionaries, 2015). Both cheating and plagiarism can be done purposely as an act of pure dishonesty. Some individuals are not willing to allocate the necessary time and effort for their academic studies. They often chose the easiest solution and opt for copying another author’s work without mentioning it accordingly. It is necessary to highlight that instances of plagiarism occurShow MoreRelatedPlagiarism And Academic Integrity : Plagiarism1305 Words   |  6 PagesPlagiarism is a topic that is consistently brought up in many areas of education.1 In every syllabus presented to students, there is a section that refers to plagiarism and academic integrity. Plagiarism can be defined as â€Å"the act or instance of stealing or passing off ideas or words of another as one’s own.†2 Despite this being an important piece of information; students may overlook thi s material and still plagiarize. In a study from the University of Toronto, 90% of senior pharmacy students admittedRead MorePlagiarism And Academic Integrity999 Words   |  4 PagesAcademic integrity is a set of coherent principles and values that each student should adhere to while pursuing a higher education. These values endorse the very mission of academics in its entirety. integrity, trustworthiness, hard-work, and persistence are all behaviors that interpret personal and professional attributes of Academic integrity (Missouri, 2017). Plagiarism plays a very detrimental part in violation these principles which can lead to serious consequences academically. PlagiarismRead MoreAcademic Integrity And Student Plagiarism1622 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay concerns the issues of academic integrity as plagiarism and buying essays. This work addresses, much attention will be paid to the background of breaches of academic integrity. Students’ behavior will be described and thoroughly analyzed. This essay will provide an understanding that current educational system itself creates prerequisites for such violations. Nowadays, American students try to subvert the educational system by using plagiarism in essays. The educational system tries toRead MoreWhy Plagiarism Is Important For Academic Integrity?1731 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the Role of Plagiarism in regards to Academic Integrity? Plagiarism, â€Å"the act of using another person s words or ideas without giving credit to that person: the act of plagiarizing something† (Merriam-Webster, 2017), is said to be reaching epidemic proportions (Park,2003). Throughout history, plagiarism has been an issue, however, the severity and the implications where not fully understood until the development of the printing press in the 17th century. Now in the age of information sharingRead MorePlagiarism Is Not The Right Way903 Words   |  4 PagesPlagiarism has been around for a long time, nowadays it’s easier to tell if someone plagiarizes. Plagiarism is not the way to go it is not worth the risk and definitely has it consequences. Plagiarism is an act or instance of using or closely imitating the thoughts of another author without authorization and passing it as your own (Dictionary.com). Plagiarism is the work of those who are not willing to put in the time and effort it takes to write original content. Which can be a form of cheatingRead MorePlagiarism : Plagiarism And Plagiarism815 Words   |  4 Pages There are many types of plagiarism, including several scenarios of inadvertent and deliberate plagiarism. This essay will discuss how plagiarism is defined, the various types of plagiarism, why plagiarism is such a serious problem, the impact of the internet on academic integrity, and how plagiarism can be avoided. It will also provide suggestions on ways to eliminate both inadvertent and deliberate plagiarism. There are several ways to define plagiarism. One such definition, according to the RegisRead MoreThe Silent Harm of Plagiarism Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesmind when we think about plagiarism, many people may think of theft or the act of stealing intellectual property. According to Webster-Merriams’ dictionary, plagiarism is â€Å"the act stealing and passing off (the ideas and words of others) as one’s own† (Webster-Merriam). Webster seems to have left a little something out. Plagiarism is not just the act of stealing one’s work. It is also the result of ethical deterioration of academic integrity. In the discussion of plagiarism, a controversial issue isRead MorePlagiarism and the Deterioration of Ethical Values Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesWhat comes to ones mind when we think about plagiarism, according to Webster-Merriams’ dictionary plagiarism is â€Å"the act stealing and passing off (the ideas and words of others) as ones own† (Webster-Merriam). Webster seems to have left a little something out, plagiarism is not just the act of stealing ones work, it is also the result of ethical deterioration of academic integrity. In discussion of plagiarism, a controversial issue is whether plagiarism is taken serious enough and what the severityRead MoreAction Plan and Annotated Bibliography on Maintaining Academic Honesty1390 Words   |  6 PagesAction plan: maintaining academic honesty Academic dishonesty is a serious issue for anyone regardless of the discipline they are pursuing or the contextual factors. It undermines the quality of the end product such as the services that the person engaging in academic dishonesty will provide in the future. It also beats the purpose of going through academic institutions that provide facilities and facilitators in the education process. Academic dishonesty is, therefore, wrong in all forms and isRead More The Problems of Plagiarism Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism is an academic misconduct in which students use someone’s ideas or information in their work without proper referencing. While western culture insists that sources of words, ideas, images, sounds be documented for academic purposes, â€Å"plagiarism is now recognized as a serious problem especially in university where students are just copying words from web sites or someone else’s work† (The Owl At Purdue, 2007 ). According to East (2 006, p.16), â€Å"many Australian universities are now developing

The Effects of an Ageing Population free essay sample

The Effects of an Ageing Population 1. Think of some examples of goods and services for which demand will rise as a consequence of ageing Population. How should marketers address this new buyer segment? For examples, life expectancy In the US has increased from 45 in 1902 to 75. 7 In 2004; one of the greatest achievements of the twentieth century is a dramatic rise in life expectancy. However, declining birth rates combined with increased life expectancy had caused to worry more about the value of an ageing population. Frequently, we hear about demographic time bombs and the fear future generations ill grapple to meet an Increasing number of retired workers and pension commitments. There is interrogation about the worlds ageing population. As the table that shown above (5. 9), in the world there are 6. 9 billion people over 80 years old, this Is the fastest growing part of the population in 2000_ There are the fastest growing segments for all parts of the world are the older ones, for the more developed countries reduction In the size of O to 59 age groups are forecasted. The predictions are made on the suppositions that present trends in life expectancy and ertility rates will continue. There are two main reasons of the world population ageing increased life expectancy and lower fertility. Figure 5. 1 shows the fertility and Figure 5. 2 shows the same group of the worlds population In 1950 and 2050 between the life expectancy. Fertility rate dropped significantly in 1950 and 2000, and this trend is expected to continue into the future all parts of the world. All around the world In life expectancy has risen opposite and Is also expected to continue to do so. These two trends together, means that the average age of the worlds population Increases, of course, vary considerably between countries, but the general situation Is convergent. Table 5. 10 shows the selected product in 2002 in the UK weekly expenditure. It can be seen; the older age groups spend less beer and cider, cigarettes and visiting the cinema or theater, but in the united Kingdom and the health Insurance holiday younger age groups. As companies respond to these changes will shift resources towards services, which will bring further changes in the Industrial structure. There are great differences in the pattern of demand, increase with age and, if the rey-scale population growth companies will have to respond to changing needs. If you repeat the experience of the united States, the worlds grey population will spend more for education and leisure services. Many retirees are returned to education opportunities to pursue their own Interests. An Important part of marketing has long been recognized as demographic change Environment and needs continuous monitoring. This is especially true in the united States, and now the trend Is clearly an early start In Europe, a large elderly population, affluence and has great market power in the case. Older consumers are alled woof Market merchants Rich old folk- as an Important part of the market. to De accepted currently at tne age 0T 40 Is called I Ir n a Age wnen tney arrlvea 50- age groups, they will have more free time; have better health, more money and higher expectations than their predecessors. Third agers in the United States have a higher demand for education and leisure services than their predecessors they use a lot of sports centres, cinemas and evening classes. Equally important is the population in the market segment marketing, there are numerous examples in which the separation factor of age. Identify the different needs and hopes the festival market in different age groups are 18-30 holidays cater to the young company, and Saga Holidays cater to 50 years of age. Interestingly, that have been made to give advice, Saga Holidays are often associated with young tourists now provide what holidays such as elephant trekking in Nepal. 2What types of policy can organisations use to: (a) Encourage the older worker to stay in employment for longer? To encourage the older worker to stay in employment for a longer period of time, then the firms need to aware the fearful things like: portion of young people recruited is too ggressive and advent of new technology. If the company has a lot of young people that the old people will not like it. If the new technology is always updating then the old people cannot follow then they will less interest on the Job. Old people also dont want to work with the young people then the old people are enlisted. For protected all of these things happen, the company needs to provide training to the workers and inexperienced staffs. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the main objective is to share the experience of its 30 member countries, inform decision-makers and the public debate. Mark Keith reports research policy discussion and debate, in six countries, aging and employment. Population aging is important, especially in human resources strategy within the organization. These industries employ young tradition. There will be fewer and fewer young people entering the labour market for two reasons: First, there is less and the second with a higher percentage and now live in the school. Other sources of the labour force will need to find to meet demand. Meanwhile people continue to take early retirement in the United States, only 60 years old and 65 men between the ages of half still orking, in some European countries the proportion is much lower. Create a number of early retirement culture, and some have been punished individuals who wish to exceed the retirement age pension system exacerbate this policy in the 1980s and 1990s by the organization downsizing. Combination leave early means fewer young people entering the labour force in many countries employers and more people are facing engineering contracting market. One possibility is that more and older people in the labour force participation. This means that age discrimination, human resource management practices, will have to change. Employers often view older workers are more expensive , not flexible enough , the lack of the necessary skills , but statistics show that over 40 age group will receive less training than other groups . Many of these studies have shown no difference between the ages ability to acquire new skills. This is often the case, older workers more reliable, more experienced less absenteeism than younger workers. Many employers around the world recognize this and are implementing policies to encourage older workers. Employment of older people will call for changes in recruitment practices. Reserves ill Decome more Important laDour organlzatlon, tnereTore, tralnlng ana development, will take greater significance. Work will need to be more attractive, more part-time or temporary contracts. This may also overcome the impact of the cost that is a higher incremental pay scale of the old staff. According to the EIJ directive, but market forces have led some companies to take a different approach from the 2006 age discrimination will be banned in the European Union older workers. (b) Recruit older workers into the workplace? If the organization wants to recruit the older workers in the workplace, they must ake the older people to trust them. Example: the organization needs to provide health care services like free medical check-up, free screening, etc. The old people want the security and more leisure. The organisation must provide the part-time jobs, work at home, more holidays for the older people. If the policy wants to recruit the older workers, then they need to make everything be convenience for the older worker. Example: the organisation must no age limitation, work fare, redesign work, retirement age, existing staff recommendation and work hour flexibility must vailable in the organisation. There are financial impacts of an aging population. Potential support ratio (PSR) displays each person aged 65 and over the age of 1 5 to 64 years the number of people. It gives an indication of population aging on labour force dependency burden. This is between 1950 and 2002 fell from 12:1 to 9:1, and is expected to decline further to 4:1 by 2050 (see Table 5. 11). Table 5. 11 shows a similar pattern in the world there will be increasing financial burden on working-age people, due to the aging population. In the overall figures there are obvious differences. For example, in Japan, the ratio is expected in 2050, down from 4:1 in 2002 to . In the United States, immigration is generally higher (so aging is less obvious), from 5:1 to ratio is expected to decline. This means that a higher proportion of the population will depend on the support of a smaller proportion of the population- in health care resources and pension payments. Many countries are seeking their pension provisions to minimize the cost of dependence. For example, in the UK there has been a change in the burden of providing pensions from the state to the individual; many companies have ended heir final salary pension scheme. Nevertheless, it is still estimated to meet the needs of an aging population pensions, 2030 Britain needs a 5% average annual growth rate of GDP, which is much higher than the growth rate of the past in the I-JK state pension paid current taxes, but this is likely to change, so funds will come from the state pension investments is also possible that the retirement age will increase dependency, to reduce costs. In addition to the cost of pensions, the increase in the average age of the population with health care and the impact of health care costs. In this case, although the study pointed out that the aging of the population than ever before, more healthy, of course, affect the demand for healthcare. For example Alzheimers 65-year-olds in the I-JK, this proportion is 5%, increased by more than 80-20%. Therefore, it is necessary to provide more medical care, whether by the State or individuals to do this. The major changes of aging population are popular culture, in a period of time has been dominated by youth, crime most offense is committed by young people, the crime rate dropped, family relationships, along with declining irth rates and longer life expectancy beanpole family structure will become the norm. It Is clear Trom tnls Olscusslon, In many parts 0T tne world are experlenclng population aging in many different areas of business have a great impact.

The Impact of the Brexit Referendum on Pension Funds

Question: Discuss about The Impact of the Brexit Referendum on Pension Funds. Answer: Introduction The Brexit Referendum occurred in 2016 when the United Kingdom Government opted to withdraw or to exit the European Union. During that referendum, 51.9% voted to leave the European Union (Kao, and Authers, 2016, pp.2-50). This essay discusses why Britain opted to leave the European Union, and the action taken by the Bank of England weeks and months after the decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union. It also discusses the impact of the actions of the Bank of England actions on matters relating to the pension industry in the United Kingdom (Kao, and Authers, 2016, pp.2-50). This essay also discusses the obligations of pension funds and the rates of returns of pension funds to meet those obligations (Kao, and Authers, 2016, pp.2-50). Lastly, the essay evaluates the impact of Brexit on the rates of return for pensioners to maintain an acceptable standard of living concerning investment in the real estate industry (Kao, and Authers, 2016, pp.2-50). Reasons for Brexit There are three main reasons why Britain wanted to leave the European Union, namely: economics, immigration and identity (Arnold, 2012, Pp.210-299). The economics issue is that the United Kingdom sends money to the headquarters of the European Union (EU) known as an annual contribution, which the country is eligible to comply with or to contribute as a member of the European Union. The main aim of these grants was that the European Union could aid in matters relating to trade in a free market economy (Arnold, 2012, Pp.210-299). Ideally, the European Union could reduce the risks associated with trading and at the same time enable Britain realize high returns from trading at a common market (Arnold, 2012, Pp.201-299). The arguments for the United Kingdom were that these contributions were being redistributed to other member states, which could be used in other activities. The disadvantage of this is that leaving the European Union would lead to a wreck in the British Economy and probably the World Economy (Bbc.com, 2016). This is because Britain would be forced to leave the common market where they used to sell their goods in exchange for other products and services or cash for favorable terms unless they came into bilateral agreements with the European Union (Arnold, 2012, Pp.300-319). Despite these bilateral agreements, even if the European Union allows Britain to trade in the common market, they would be forced to sell under unfavorable terms in that they would not be protected against risk and returns. The United Kingdom Government also opted to leave the European Union due to immigration. On this factor, when Britain was a member state, any member of the European Union was able to relocate and work in the United Kingdom without needing a work permit or visa (Arnold, 2012, Pp.300-319). Here, the government of the United Kingdom non-citizens of the United Kingdom would come up and use the already scarce natural and public resources such as National Health Service and welfare. The government was afraid that immigration would lead to overcrowding in urban areas as well as depletion of resources that were already scarce (Arnold, 2012, Pp.300-319). Space was also limited, and immigration of the non-citizens would have led to overcrowding and hence overpopulation. Other Democrats argued that immigration was good for the economy. They made this claim in that they believed that it would open a way so that the United Kingdom could trade in other countries (Arnold, 2012, Pp.300-319). It woul d also reduce the barriers and tariffs to trade as it would be perceived as they were upholding the interests of the people of the member states of the European Union. The last reason but not the least why the United Kingdom opted to exit the European Union was issues relating to identity (Bodie, Kane and Marcus, 2014, Pp.310-318). Here, the people of the United Kingdom did not perceive themselves as Europeans, and the question they had in mind was whether the British identity in the European Union was a complicated one. Ideally, as a member state the United Kingdom had to comply with the various European Union policies which some seemed overly constrictive and ridiculous such as the policy relating to bananas and pet horses (Bodie, Kane and Marcus, 2014, Pp.310-318). Here, the Brussels bosses banned the selling of rogue bananas that had malformations and abnormal curvatures. These restrictions seemed absurd which made the United Kingdom opt to leave the European Union (EU). The other restriction was on pet horses, which made it illegal for people to eat pet horses. However, they were still allowed to eat other horses (Bbc.com, 2016). The governmen t of the United Kingdom (UK) argued that since they were allowed to eat other types of horses, they had to be allowed to eat other horses (Bodie, Kane and Marcus, 2014, Pp.310-318). Due to this disagreement, the United Kingdom opted to leave the European Union. Major Actions were taken by the Bank of England following the Decision of the United Kingdom to Leave the European Union The Bank of England anticipated a period of uncertainty and adjustment weeks and months after Brexit. Here, they expected that there would be volatility in the market and the economy. The Bank of England was well prepared for this (Layne, 2014, Pp.198-218). They engaged in extensive contingency planning or other words known as Plan B.' Because of this, the Bank of England had to raise over 130 billion of capital by offering loans at a high interest rate to cater for the fluctuations and the volatility of the economy and the market. The Bank of England also planned to assess the economic conditions of the United Kingdom after their exit in the European Union. They also judged that the risks that were associated with Brexit were the most significant ones as all sectors of the economy both private and public would be affected by the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union. They claimed that the departure would lead to financial instability in the country. To mitigate these risks, the Bank of England took actions such as ensuring that the core of the financial systems of the United Kingdom was well-capitalized, stable and liquid (Layne, 2014, Pp.198-218). They were able to do this since the Bank of England had liquidity facilities about the sterling and foreign currencies preventing the erosion or depreciation of their currency against other currencies. The Bank of England took other actions such as consulting and cooperating with all the relevant domestic and international authorities such as the World Bank. This was done to ensure that the financial system of the United Kingdom could be able to absorb any financial distress and that it could be able to concentrate on serving the real economy (Layne, 2014, Pp.222-261). Due to the decisions made by the United Kingdom, the economy country had to adjust to new trading relationships. The contribution or the actions of the Bank of England to this matter were that they would continue to relentlessly pursue their responsibilities for financial and monetary stability in the United Kingdom. Impact of the Actions taken by the Bank of England on the UK Pension Industry Obligations of the Pension Fund After Brexit, the United Kingdom's pension funding hit 900 billion. This resulted in a deficit after the surprise vote that Britain made to leave the European Union (EU). This shortfall prompted some concerns about the future of some retirement schemes since the government would not be able to afford the payment of pension funds anymore (Oliver, 2016, pp.99-110). The vote to leave the European Union was unpredicted and therefore financial markets had not priced in the possibility of the Brexit. According to John Hatchet, the head of corporate consulting at Hymans Robertson, pension funds had limitations such as their ability to adequately protect themselves from such stresses and uncertainties (Layne, 2014, Pp.222-261). Following their vote to leave, the falls in the expectations of the country for the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United Kingdom (UK) would weigh on the equity markets as well as the interest rates. This would, therefore, put more pressure on the funding. The B ank of England implemented actions such as small saving interest rates. According to various financial analysts, many pension funds would implode in the next three years if the Bank of England continues with the low interest rate policy. The Brexit would, therefore, create more pain for the pension funds since there would be continued volatility in the market thereby affecting the health of the benefit schemes of the United Kingdom (Layne, 2014, pp.222-261). These analysts further state that the increased volatility of the sterling pound and the euro would also have a further impact on the pension schemes set by the country. Required Rate of Returns for Pension Funds to Meet those Obligations After the Brexit, the pension funds in Europe were likely to implode over the next two to three years as the Bank of England continued to offer the low interest rate policy (Tatham, 2016, Pp.8). In this case, the required rate of return for the pension funds would be little since the country could no longer afford to pay them or to meet those obligations. The volatility of the yields of retirement funds as well as the sterling pound and the euro would have an effect on the pension schemes as the possibility of the government of the United Kingdom to default payment of those obligations would be very high (Learner, 2016, pp.402). According to David Bennett of Redington Investment Consulting, massive deficits would become the biggest concern for example in BHS, which collapsed this year leaving behind a deficit on pension funds of 571 million (Goodwin, and Heath, 2016, pp.323-332). Apparently, after the Brexit, many corporations both private and public were unable to pay the pension f unds for their employees as the Bank of England had taken actions such as the low interest rate policy. The Impact of Brexit on the Required Rates of Return for Pensioners to Achieve and Maintain an Acceptable Standard of Living The Brexit set back the rates of return of pensioners. Many organizations were unable to meet the pension fund obligations because the Bank of England had taken precautionary measures such as the low interest rate policy (MacShane, 2015, pp.1067-1094). Since the pensioners received small pension funds or none at all, their standards of living tremendously decreased as they could not be able to cope up with the rising costs of living in the United Kingdom (UK) as the sterling pound and the market kept on fluctuating. Many pensioners could no longer afford health care facilities and food as they had heavily depended on the fact that they would be given pension funds by the government, which they would use for survival. This in its entirety shows that the Brexit reduced the returns of the pensioners thus making it impossible to achieve an acceptable standard of living. Conclusion The rise of the Brexit was the increase of all problems for the U.K. It greatly influenced the country in terms of trade and fluctuations of the sterling (Emerson, Avery, Beblavy?, Behrens, Blockmans, Brady, Gros, Ha?jkova?, Lannoo, ?azowski, Nu?n?ez Ferrer, Peers, and Wriglesworth, n.d., Pp.1-109). The U.K. was unable to meet its obligations of paying pension funds thus reducing the returns to meet those requirements. Lastly, the rise of the Brexit led to low standards of living to the residents of U.K. References Kao, J., and Authers, J. (2016). Capital Markets, Pensions and bonds: the problem explained, Bond mathematics and the scale of pension deficits [online]. London: The Financial Times. Pp.2-50. Retrieved on 10 October 2016 from https://ig.ft.com/sites/pensions-interestratesexplainer/ Arnold, G. (2012). Modern financial markets and institutions: The value of the financial system, Bond Markets, Chapter 1. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Pp.210-299. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Arnold, G. (2012). Modern financial markets and institutions: Money markets, the time value of money, Chapter 5. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Pp.300-319. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Bodie, Z., Kane and Marcus, A. (2014). Investments: Risk, return, and the historical record, Determinants of the level of interest rates, Chapter 5. (10th global edition). Pp.310-318. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill. Layne, N. (2014). The Investment Environment, Risk, and Return, Topic 11. Pp.198-218. London: University of London. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Layne, N. (2014). The Financial System and the Global Financial Crisis, Topic 12. Pp.222-261. London: University of London. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Bbc.com (2016). Eight reasons Leave won the UK's referendum on the EU. Bbc News. Web. Retrieved on 10th October 2016 from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36574526 Oliver, T. (2016). The world after Brexit: From British referendum to global adventure. International Politics. Pp.99-110. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Tatham, A. (2016). The Legitimacy of Discriminatory Disenfranchisement? The Impact of the Rules on the Right to Vote in the Bremain/Brexit Referendum. Perspectives on Federalism, 8(1). Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Learner, S. (2016). The EU Referendum: Brexit news analysis for careers in the UK. Nursing and Residential Care, 18(8), pp.402-402. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Goodwin, M., and Heath, O. (2016). The 2016 Referendum, Brexit, and the Left Behind: An Aggregate-level Analysis of the Result. The Political Quarterly, 87(3), pp.323-332. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. MacShane, D. (2015). Brexit. London: I.B. Tauris Co. Ltd. Pp.1067-1094. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Kierzenkowski, R., Pain, N., Rusticelli, E. and Zwart, S. (2016). The Economic Consequences of Brexit. Paris: OECD Publishing. Pp.230-312. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Emerson, M., Avery, G., Beblavy?, M., Behrens, A., Blockmans, S., Brady, H., Gros, D., Ha?jkova?, A., Lannoo, K., ?azowski, A., Nu?n?ez Ferrer, J., Peers, S. and Wriglesworth, M. (n.d.). Britain's future in Europe, the known Plan A to remain or the unknown Plan B to leave. Pp.1-109. Retrieved on 10 October 2016.

Romeo Juliet Essay Example

Romeo Juliet Essay The tragic play of Romeo and Juliet was written by a world renowned script writer William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616. William Shakespeare is for his great contribution to English literature. Even though nearly 400 after his death, many people choose to study his work over many other writers. Much of his work has been translated in a variety of languages. Shakespeare has accomplished many brilliant pieces of literature, like; sonnets, poems and play scripts. One of his most famous plays was Romeo and Juliet. This play is about a romantic tragedy of two lovers whos freedom to express their love is torn by the hatred between the families they are from. Both are young and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, they viewed love in a very different concept. Many film directors have used the theme of this play in their movies. Some directors use the whole script or most of the script and have created many films based on Shakespeares work.The end of the play resulted in both of th eir tragic deaths. The following essay will explore how the characters and relationship of Romeo and Juliet evolve between act 1 and act 2.At the very beginning of the play before Romeo and Juliet meet, he feels deeply saddened because Rosaline, the girl he loves has rejected him. At this point he pities himself because of this: ay me sad hours seem long. Romeos character is very melodramatic; he takes things that have happened to him very seriously. Montague, Romeos father says that in the morning he sees Romeo crying: Many a morning hath there been seen, with tears. Shakespeare portrays Romeos character as being very venerable to situations that do not go to his accordance. At this point the audience will see Romeo as like a spoilt teenager, bearing in mind that he is from a very high class and status family and the only child of the Montague couple.Like the majority of teenagers of Romeos age, they are constantly troubles with issues concerning love and relationships. However, in Romeos situation, Shakespeare has used the effect of love on Romeo but the audience sees Romeo taking his emotions and outcomes extremely seriously as if it were to be a very serious situation: Away from light steals home my heavy son, and private in his chamber pens himself, shuts up his windows, locks far daylight and makes himself an artificial night. This quote shows that Romeo is hutting himself in his chamber, this demonstrates that Romeo wants to be by himself. Overall, the first glimpses of Romeo shows himself as being a self centred teenager who takes things very seriously, which is not necessary.On the other hand, Juliets character before she meets Romeo is very venerable too and also obedient. At first, Juliets father confronted her with a proposal from a man called Paris: But now, my Lord, what say you to my suit. However, Juliet says herself that she has not thought of marriage yet: It is an honour that I dream not of. Juliet tells her mother that she has thought about marriage, yet, she is not keen on being married. This is because she describes marriage as an honour. Further on, Juliets mother Lady Capulet asks her if she could love Paris: Speak briefly, can you like Paris love? Juliet replies by saying: Ill look to like, if looking liking move: But no more deep will I endart my eye than your consent gives me strength to make it fly. Juliets response is that she will try to bond and like Paris if her parents give her their consent. Shakespeare is presenting to the audience that Juliet at this point is very obedient to her parents; she will only do what pleases her parents.Another characteristic of Juliet is that she is venerable, and because of this she is protected by her family, the Capulet family. A quote which suggests this is: My child is yet a stranger to the world. Her father is telling Paris that his daughter is new to the world. She has no understanding of the happenings outside the Capulet house. The previous quote could also suggest that she is still young. Capulet is very protective towards his only daughter: And soon marrd are those so early made, Capulet is saying that it could ruin Juliet is she gets married and gives birth at an early age. This significantly shows that he is concerned about her wellbeing so he prevents her from marriage until a certain point in time: let two summers wither in their pride, Capulet is giving his consent to Paris to marry Juliet after the passing of two summers so she can mature more. Juliet is the only daughter of Capulet that means that she will probably be spoilt and will be protected. Capulet says himself that she is his world: The earth hath sawllowd all my hopes but she, she is the hopeful lady of my earth, this quote also suggests that Juliet is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve too.The first impressions the audience will draw towards on Romeo and Juliet is that Romeo is a self catered teenager and is melodramatic whereas Juliet is obedient, protected, venerable and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. S hakespeare uses situations in the play that concern Romeo and situations that concern Juliet. However, the main point is that these situations reveal the characteristics of the pair before they meet each other. From analysing their characteristic the audience can see that Romeo and Juliet is a dangerous combination. Also foreshadowing what is to come in later scenes. The reasons for this is that in one hand Romeo is melodramatic and always wants what he desires and on the other hand Juliet is highly obedient. So, Romeo will want Juliets heart and Juliet is obedient so she may accept it.Romeo is at the Capulet house, where a party is taking place. Despite the fact that the Montague are the sworn enemy of the Capulet, Romeo still takes the risk and attends. When Romeo sees Juliet for the first time he comes out with a soliloquy. Shakespeare has done this so Romeos inner thoughts can be revealed to the audience. Romeo opens the soliloquy by complimenting Juliets beauty: O, she doth tea ch the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheeks of night. Romeo describes Juliets beauty, her face makes her seem bright like fire, and he associates fire with Juliets beauty. He continues: Like a rich jewel in an Ethiopes ear; Beauty too for use, for earth too dear!Romeo compares Juliet to an Ethiopian with jewel dangling from her ear, he says she is too good for everyday life; she is something unique and special. The play Romeo and Juliet, in terms of the comparison of darkness and light, this theme shows up commonly in successive scenes. The comparison of dark and light is a fundamental element of their love, it is interesting to note that significant love scenes are set in the dark not in the disarray of the day. This significantly suggests that Romeo loves Juliet at night. However, he kills Tybalt while it is day. This idea is particularly evident in the first act, in the way Romeo is said to be shutting out the daylight while he is yearning for his love and t he rejection of Rosaline.Romeo seems to be forgetting Rosaline. The beauty of Juliet has illumined Romeo and he has given up being depressed over Rosaline: Did my heart love till now? For swear it sight. Romeo is thinking that has he ever known love until he saw Juliet. Then he again speaks of Juliets beauty in the last line of the soliloquy: For I never saw beauty till this night. The previous quotation verifies that Romeo has given up the love of Rosaline and he now thinks that he has seen true beauty and is in complete love with Juliet. From what the audience have seen from Romeo so far at the first meeting with Juliet is that he has changed his course of love. The audience will see his character as fickle; he is jumping from one woman to another. This shows how immature Romeo is; he takes every opportunity to meet his circumstances.Juliets first glimpse of Romeo was when he confronted her in the party. Romeo uses clever language and double meaning to seduce her: If I profane wit h my unworthiest hand. This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. Romeo is saying to Juliet if he were to touch her he would be committing blasphemy. Shakespeare has used words such as holy shrine and pilgrims; he does this to make Juliet seem pure like religion. What Romeo is trying to do here is to kiss Juliet. However, Juliet hearing that Romeo is comparing her to a shrine, she continues with this religious concept. Juliet calls Romeo a Good pilgrimJuliet then replies to the proposal from Romeo to kiss her: For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch. And palm to palm is holy palmers kiss: By using religious theme like Romeo when he spoke to her, Juliet suggests that they should kiss but do it by touching hands. Romeo seems unsatisfied by this and he again proposes to kiss by using their lips: Have not saint lips, and holy palmers too? Juliet flatly refuses his second proposal: Ay, pi lgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. Juliet says that pilgrims use their lips in prayer. Romeo who is the type who does not take no for an answer again persists for a kiss: O, then, dear saint, let lips do; they pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. Romeo says that let both of their lips touch or the faith he has in her will turn to despair. Juliet, who has never experienced a situation like this before is left with two paths; either to accept Romeos proposal, or turn him down.Bearing in mind the fact that Juliet has not yet grasped the understanding of true human nature outside her home, so unfortunately she falls under the lure from Romeo and accepts his asking: Saints do not move, though grant for prayers sake. This is Juliets way of indicating her approval. Juliets lack of understanding in the sense of love makes her easily owned by Romeo. This scene at the party was Juliets first ever awakening to love. Romeo successfully achieves what he aimed for, but he only man aged to do it after a couple of failed attempts which were used as persuasion techniques used on Juliet. Romeos last asking to Juliet probably made her think that she would lose someone who could love her.She never had anyone else but Paris who she can give her love to and now that she has been given a dose of Romeos interpretation of love she made the decision to accept his love. Romeo has done enough to convince Juliet that he is the one for her. The audience will now view Juliet as obedient to what Romeo has said to her. Adding to that, she is immature for accepting melodramatic Romeos wish. Romeo says himself that he will turn to despair, which is again demonstrating his melodramatic character. This could be one of the reasons for Juliets acceptance. She did not want to refuse an opportunity for love.At this point in the play, it can easily be verified that Romeo has control over Juliet, in terms of their relations to one another during their first meeting. The first reason whic h justifies the previous statement is that Romeo notices Juliet before she does. Further on, he lures himself to her and also he asks her permission to kiss her and eventually he wins her. While, on the other hand Juliet cab be named as the follower because of her obedience to Romeos desire. Juliets characteristic in this scene can also be traced back in previous scenes where there is evidence showing her obedience. Juliet presented her obedience to her mother by stating that she will only love Paris if her parents give her their consent. however, in the current situation Juliet seems to be forgetting Paris asking for her hand in marriage and her sayings to her mother, now she has exited them thoughts and ideas for new ones. Currently Juliet has accepted Romeos affection towards her and seems to be overwhelmed by it. Obedience is still roaming in her characteristics but not towards her parents instead it is towards Romeo.It is interesting to note that Shakespeare formatted Romeo and Juliets first meeting in the form of a sonnet. Sonnets are of Shakespeares own creation, he invented this form of literature for a purpose. The ultimate significance of sonnets is that its purpose was originally used as a piece of writing demonstrating a theme of romance and love. In this case, where Romeo has met Juliet for the first time, the use of a sonnet seems necessary to emphasize the strong romantic bond between them.Shakespeare has cleverly devised a religious concept, which is the theme of the conversation between Romeo and Juliet, calling her a Shrine and reference of her as a Saint. The choices of words show how Romeo feels towards Juliets beauty. Romeo sees eh beauty and ranks her as a shrine. In Romeos point of view, Juliet seems abnormal to him, because her facial features are described as bright. In a religious idea, a shrine would be a sacred monument that holds an important sector in a followers life, also would be portrayed as something holy. This is exactly wha t Romeo is trying to show Juliet that he feels that she can be associated to a shrine because of her beauty that has attracted Romeo.This religious imagery is then continued then continued by Juliet. Juliet, in her response to Romeo calls him a pilgrim. Significantly, a pilgrim is the one who prays or does religious activities at a holy shrine. So when Juliet says: Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, she is relating to what Romeo called her, showing her desire to align herself with him. Shakespeares use of religious imagery was for Romeo to use double meaning in order to gain what he wanted. This is a sacrilegious sonnet in which Juliet is a saint or shrine that is to be kissed by Romeo who is a pilgrim. This also relates to the actual fact that Romeo mean pilgrim in Italian and the play is set in Verona.Romeo and Juliets first meeting has been dramatised by Shakespeare in a remarkable way. The reason for its significance is that Juliet has been engaged at this party. How ever, she meets Romeo, who swiftly gives up all emotions towards Rosaline and at the party he has revealed his feelings for Juliet. At the end of the party, both Romeo and Juliet have been touched emotionally by each other.The audience already have full knowledge about the hatred and conflicts between Romeos family and Juliets family. Despite the concern of a violent incident, the young Montague still decide to attend the Capulet party that has been invited to all except the Montague family. Romeo being amongst the group has been noticed by Juliets cousin Tybalt: This, by his voice, should be a Montague. Tybalt informs his uncle Capulet about the sighting of Romeo. Much to his surprise, Capulet does not give his permission to Tybalt to do anything to Romeo because this would embarrass Capulet in the presence of his guests: Youll not endure him! God shall mend my soul! Youll make a mutiny among my guests! Shakespeare has made the first meeting of Romeo and Juliet very dramatic accord ing its circumstances. Romeo is full aware that if he and his fellow friends are noticed they may be killed. However, Romeo still takes the risk, he does not seem too worried, this ultimately exposes his sense of immaturity.After all guests have left, Romeo decides to head back to see Juliet again. So he walked through the Capulet orchard and eventually finds Juliet up on a balcony. Romeo talks to himself about Juliet, and Juliet is unaware of his presence. When Romeo sees Juliet again he says: But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?, It is the east, and Juliet is the sun, Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon. Romeo then invokes the darkness or the night as a type of safeguard from harm: I have nights cloak to hide me from their eyes. This conflict between darkness and light or day and night will not end until the disarray of the day in due course overcomes the passionate nights and ultimately this finishes the lives of both lovers.This also demonstrates Romeos meta phoric use of imagery of the cosmos. In one of the quotes above, Romeo is saying that Juliet is the sun and she should kill the moon that is jealous because of Juliets beauty. Personification is also present in that quote, because in reality the moon will not be able to feel jealousy. Romeo has always compared Rosaline to the moon and now that he is in love with Juliet he believes his love for Juliet has outshone the love that he had for Rosaline. This could have referred to Greek mythology because Romeo later says: Be not her maid, since she is envious: Her vestal livery and none but fools wear it; cast if off. Romeo is suggesting that Juliet should no longer worship the Greek god and lose her virginity to him. This reveals his inner thoughts and showing his impulsiveness.Romeo also states that Juliet is his love: It is my lady, O, it is my love! an example of a hyperbole that is used by Romeo is when he says: Two of the fairest stars in all the heavens having some business, do ent reat her eyes to twinkle in their spheres till they return. Romeo is describing Juliets eyes as being so bright that they are like start n the night sky. Romeo also says that he wishes that he were a glove on Juliets hand so he can feel her cheek: O, that! Were a glove upon that hand, that o might touch that cheek! so far the audience has witnessed Romeos inner thoughts. Romeo also exposes his sexual desire to make love to Juliet. Romeo begins to present evidence of growing maturity in this scene of the balcony. His speeches that he is saying to himself are now in blank verse relatively different from the rhythmic iambic pentameter apparent in his earlier sonnets and couplets. Romeo is no longer the miserable that was shown in several accounts in Act 1. Up to this point; Romeo has articulated his feelings in a traditional and idiomatic style.Juliet discovers that Romeo is a Montague and if Juliet falls in love with him, this case will certainly coincide with the disapproval from bot h their parents and families. However, Juliet is not troubled by this. Juliet is talking to herself in the balcony unaware of Romeo listening to her: O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny they father and refuse thy name; or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, and Ill no longer be a Capulet. Juliet is saying that she is prepared to throw away her family name just to be with Romeo. Hearing this, Romeo is fully assured that Juliet has feelings for him, he hesitates to make the decision of carrying on listening to her or to talk to her: Shall, I hear more, or shall I speak at this? Juliet feels that it does not matter what Romeos name is, all that matters is that he is still the same person: Whats in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.Juliet soon discovers Romeo has heard what she was saying: What man art thou that thus bescreend in night so stumblest on my counsel. Juliet is shocked when confronted by Romeo. Romeo says that his name i s like an enemy to him: My name, dear saint, is hateful to myself, because is an enemy to thee. Notice that Romeo is referring back to their first meeting: dear saint. Romeo is so desperate to win Juliets heart that he is willing to fulfil Juliets satisfaction and throw away his name. Juliet tells Romeo that if he were to be caught climbing over the Capulet walls he would be killed, Romeo immaturely replies: For string limits cannot hold love out Therefore the kinsmen are not let to me.Romeo behaves in a sweet manor towards Juliet: Alack, there lies more peril in thine eye than twenty of their swords. Romeo is telling Juliet that is she was to look at him harshly that would be more painful than someone coming to him with a sword. Romeo thinks Juliet as being his possession: I would adventure for some merchandise, Romeo sees love as an adventure. Juliet is obviously impressed by the romantic language used by Romeo: Thou knowst the mask of night is on my face, else would a maiden blus h bepaint my cheeks. Juliet discloses to Romeo that is it was not dark he would be able to see Juliets face. Juliet asks Romeo if he loves her: Dost thou love me? instead of hearing a response from Romeo,Juliet predicts his response: I know thou wilt say Ay and I will take thy word: yet if thou swearst thou mayst prove false, Juliet tells Romeo that she knows he will reply yes to her question, however, she did not let him give his reply because she is nervous that he will say no. Juliet also informs Romeo that she is not easily won: If thou dost love, pronounce it faithfully or if thou thinkst I am too quickly won.Romeo is left in a slight dilemma: O, wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? Romeo asks Juliet if she is going to leave him unsatisfied. Juliet got an impression that he wants to do something physical with her: What satisfaction canst thou have tonight? Juliet tells Romeo that in no circumstances will there be any physical activities going on between them. Without any delay Ro meo makes a proposal to her: The exchange of thy loves faithful vow for mine. Juliet happily informs that she has already given her consent before his proposal: I gave thee mine before thou didst request it. On the night of Juliets engagement to Paris, she has given her consent to the proposal for marriage from Romeo. In the matter of only the first day of Romeo and Juliets meeting, they have already exchanged vows. This shows how quickly their relationship has progressed.Romeos attitude to love is that he feels it is an adventure. Romeo, without any hesitation has taken the burden of marriage at an inexperienced age and with an inexperienced 13 year old. He seems to not understand the fundamental aspects of love, he makes situations more chaotic. He has fallen into love with someone on the day they met and on that very same he asks her to get married. Whereas, on the other hand we have Juliet, who sees love as something that develops and progresses over time: This bud of love, by s ummers ripening breath, may prove a beauteous flower when next we meet. She is saying that she sees love as a flower that will blossom beautifully over time. Ironically, flowers die in the end and the dramatic irony in this is that they both die in the end. Juliet also uses an epithet when she says: sweet Montague.The dynamic of Romeo and Juliets relationship has changed too, Juliet feels more confident. Juliet is obviously overwhelmed because Romeo has displayed his sincerity by declaring a marriage proposal and exchange vows. The evidence that proves that Juliet has more confidence and she has taken over control in the following quote: Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow, by on that Ill proceed to come to thee, where and what time thou wilt perform the rite. This is an open display of how the dynamic of their relationship of their relationship has changed. Juliet organises the marriage, she also proposes that they should get married tomorrow. Juliet asks Romeo what time th ey will get married tomorrow, he replies: At the hour of nine. She responds to this by saying: I will not fail: tis twenty years till then. She uses extreme exaggeration; this is an example a hyperbole.Juliets character has evolved from what she was in the opening scenes. She is more confident in making her own decisions and is no longer obedient toward her parents. Romeo has left his old self where he was melodramatic, but he would have been over exaggerating if Juliet too did not did not approve of his emotions. However, Romeo has revealed his impulsive nature when he asked Juliet for hand in marriage on the night of their meeting.Over Acts 1 and 2 the audience have witnessed vast changes in Romeo and Juliets character. We have seen how Juliet and Romeos character has evolved and we can conclude that the couple make a dangerous combination. The reasons for this is that Romeo will proceed into great lengths to satisfy hi inner desire and Juliet is in illusion by Romeos choice of la nguage and romantic nature. Eventually the couple will lead to their own destruction because of their tragic deaths in the final scene. Because of the fact that they are young and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, they do not have the sufficient knowledge and experience and this also results in their death. Shakespeare has devised this play script in a unique way; his message is to show how young love without any experience may conclude in a tragedy. He has displayed how the individual characteristics of two lovers and their attitude to love can demolish their lives. Romeo Juliet Essay Example Romeo Juliet Paper The tragic play of Romeo and Juliet was written by a world renowned script writer William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616. William Shakespeare is for his great contribution to English literature. Even though nearly 400 after his death, many people choose to study his work over many other writers. Much of his work has been translated in a variety of languages. Shakespeare has accomplished many brilliant pieces of literature, like; sonnets, poems and play scripts. One of his most famous plays was Romeo and Juliet. This play is about a romantic tragedy of two lovers whos freedom to express their love is torn by the hatred between the families they are from. Both are young and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, they viewed love in a very different concept. Many film directors have used the theme of this play in their movies. Some directors use the whole script or most of the script and have created many films based on Shakespeares work.The end of the play resulted in both of th eir tragic deaths. The following essay will explore how the characters and relationship of Romeo and Juliet evolve between act 1 and act 2.At the very beginning of the play before Romeo and Juliet meet, he feels deeply saddened because Rosaline, the girl he loves has rejected him. At this point he pities himself because of this: ay me sad hours seem long. Romeos character is very melodramatic; he takes things that have happened to him very seriously. Montague, Romeos father says that in the morning he sees Romeo crying: Many a morning hath there been seen, with tears. Shakespeare portrays Romeos character as being very venerable to situations that do not go to his accordance. At this point the audience will see Romeo as like a spoilt teenager, bearing in mind that he is from a very high class and status family and the only child of the Montague couple.Like the majority of teenagers of Romeos age, they are constantly troubles with issues concerning love and relationships. However, in Romeos situation, Shakespeare has used the effect of love on Romeo but the audience sees Romeo taking his emotions and outcomes extremely seriously as if it were to be a very serious situation: Away from light steals home my heavy son, and private in his chamber pens himself, shuts up his windows, locks far daylight and makes himself an artificial night. This quote shows that Romeo is hutting himself in his chamber, this demonstrates that Romeo wants to be by himself. Overall, the first glimpses of Romeo shows himself as being a self centred teenager who takes things very seriously, which is not necessary.On the other hand, Juliets character before she meets Romeo is very venerable too and also obedient. At first, Juliets father confronted her with a proposal from a man called Paris: But now, my Lord, what say you to my suit. However, Juliet says herself that she has not thought of marriage yet: It is an honour that I dream not of. Juliet tells her mother that she has thought about marriage, yet, she is not keen on being married. This is because she describes marriage as an honour. Further on, Juliets mother Lady Capulet asks her if she could love Paris: Speak briefly, can you like Paris love? Juliet replies by saying: Ill look to like, if looking liking move: But no more deep will I endart my eye than your consent gives me strength to make it fly. Juliets response is that she will try to bond and like Paris if her parents give her their consent. Shakespeare is presenting to the audience that Juliet at this point is very obedient to her parents; she will only do what pleases her parents.Another characteristic of Juliet is that she is venerable, and because of this she is protected by her family, the Capulet family. A quote which suggests this is: My child is yet a stranger to the world. Her father is telling Paris that his daughter is new to the world. She has no understanding of the happenings outside the Capulet house. The previous quote could also suggest that she is still young. Capulet is very protective towards his only daughter: And soon marrd are those so early made, Capulet is saying that it could ruin Juliet is she gets married and gives birth at an early age. This significantly shows that he is concerned about her wellbeing so he prevents her from marriage until a certain point in time: let two summers wither in their pride, Capulet is giving his consent to Paris to marry Juliet after the passing of two summers so she can mature more. Juliet is the only daughter of Capulet that means that she will probably be spoilt and will be protected. Capulet says himself that she is his world: The earth hath sawllowd all my hopes but she, she is the hopeful lady of my earth, this quote also suggests that Juliet is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve too.The first impressions the audience will draw towards on Romeo and Juliet is that Romeo is a self catered teenager and is melodramatic whereas Juliet is obedient, protected, venerable and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. S hakespeare uses situations in the play that concern Romeo and situations that concern Juliet. However, the main point is that these situations reveal the characteristics of the pair before they meet each other. From analysing their characteristic the audience can see that Romeo and Juliet is a dangerous combination. Also foreshadowing what is to come in later scenes. The reasons for this is that in one hand Romeo is melodramatic and always wants what he desires and on the other hand Juliet is highly obedient. So, Romeo will want Juliets heart and Juliet is obedient so she may accept it.Romeo is at the Capulet house, where a party is taking place. Despite the fact that the Montague are the sworn enemy of the Capulet, Romeo still takes the risk and attends. When Romeo sees Juliet for the first time he comes out with a soliloquy. Shakespeare has done this so Romeos inner thoughts can be revealed to the audience. Romeo opens the soliloquy by complimenting Juliets beauty: O, she doth tea ch the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheeks of night. Romeo describes Juliets beauty, her face makes her seem bright like fire, and he associates fire with Juliets beauty. He continues: Like a rich jewel in an Ethiopes ear; Beauty too for use, for earth too dear!Romeo compares Juliet to an Ethiopian with jewel dangling from her ear, he says she is too good for everyday life; she is something unique and special. The play Romeo and Juliet, in terms of the comparison of darkness and light, this theme shows up commonly in successive scenes. The comparison of dark and light is a fundamental element of their love, it is interesting to note that significant love scenes are set in the dark not in the disarray of the day. This significantly suggests that Romeo loves Juliet at night. However, he kills Tybalt while it is day. This idea is particularly evident in the first act, in the way Romeo is said to be shutting out the daylight while he is yearning for his love and t he rejection of Rosaline.Romeo seems to be forgetting Rosaline. The beauty of Juliet has illumined Romeo and he has given up being depressed over Rosaline: Did my heart love till now? For swear it sight. Romeo is thinking that has he ever known love until he saw Juliet. Then he again speaks of Juliets beauty in the last line of the soliloquy: For I never saw beauty till this night. The previous quotation verifies that Romeo has given up the love of Rosaline and he now thinks that he has seen true beauty and is in complete love with Juliet. From what the audience have seen from Romeo so far at the first meeting with Juliet is that he has changed his course of love. The audience will see his character as fickle; he is jumping from one woman to another. This shows how immature Romeo is; he takes every opportunity to meet his circumstances.Juliets first glimpse of Romeo was when he confronted her in the party. Romeo uses clever language and double meaning to seduce her: If I profane wit h my unworthiest hand. This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. Romeo is saying to Juliet if he were to touch her he would be committing blasphemy. Shakespeare has used words such as holy shrine and pilgrims; he does this to make Juliet seem pure like religion. What Romeo is trying to do here is to kiss Juliet. However, Juliet hearing that Romeo is comparing her to a shrine, she continues with this religious concept. Juliet calls Romeo a Good pilgrimJuliet then replies to the proposal from Romeo to kiss her: For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch. And palm to palm is holy palmers kiss: By using religious theme like Romeo when he spoke to her, Juliet suggests that they should kiss but do it by touching hands. Romeo seems unsatisfied by this and he again proposes to kiss by using their lips: Have not saint lips, and holy palmers too? Juliet flatly refuses his second proposal: Ay, pi lgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. Juliet says that pilgrims use their lips in prayer. Romeo who is the type who does not take no for an answer again persists for a kiss: O, then, dear saint, let lips do; they pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. Romeo says that let both of their lips touch or the faith he has in her will turn to despair. Juliet, who has never experienced a situation like this before is left with two paths; either to accept Romeos proposal, or turn him down.Bearing in mind the fact that Juliet has not yet grasped the understanding of true human nature outside her home, so unfortunately she falls under the lure from Romeo and accepts his asking: Saints do not move, though grant for prayers sake. This is Juliets way of indicating her approval. Juliets lack of understanding in the sense of love makes her easily owned by Romeo. This scene at the party was Juliets first ever awakening to love. Romeo successfully achieves what he aimed for, but he only man aged to do it after a couple of failed attempts which were used as persuasion techniques used on Juliet. Romeos last asking to Juliet probably made her think that she would lose someone who could love her.She never had anyone else but Paris who she can give her love to and now that she has been given a dose of Romeos interpretation of love she made the decision to accept his love. Romeo has done enough to convince Juliet that he is the one for her. The audience will now view Juliet as obedient to what Romeo has said to her. Adding to that, she is immature for accepting melodramatic Romeos wish. Romeo says himself that he will turn to despair, which is again demonstrating his melodramatic character. This could be one of the reasons for Juliets acceptance. She did not want to refuse an opportunity for love.At this point in the play, it can easily be verified that Romeo has control over Juliet, in terms of their relations to one another during their first meeting. The first reason whic h justifies the previous statement is that Romeo notices Juliet before she does. Further on, he lures himself to her and also he asks her permission to kiss her and eventually he wins her. While, on the other hand Juliet cab be named as the follower because of her obedience to Romeos desire. Juliets characteristic in this scene can also be traced back in previous scenes where there is evidence showing her obedience. Juliet presented her obedience to her mother by stating that she will only love Paris if her parents give her their consent. however, in the current situation Juliet seems to be forgetting Paris asking for her hand in marriage and her sayings to her mother, now she has exited them thoughts and ideas for new ones. Currently Juliet has accepted Romeos affection towards her and seems to be overwhelmed by it. Obedience is still roaming in her characteristics but not towards her parents instead it is towards Romeo.It is interesting to note that Shakespeare formatted Romeo and Juliets first meeting in the form of a sonnet. Sonnets are of Shakespeares own creation, he invented this form of literature for a purpose. The ultimate significance of sonnets is that its purpose was originally used as a piece of writing demonstrating a theme of romance and love. In this case, where Romeo has met Juliet for the first time, the use of a sonnet seems necessary to emphasize the strong romantic bond between them.Shakespeare has cleverly devised a religious concept, which is the theme of the conversation between Romeo and Juliet, calling her a Shrine and reference of her as a Saint. The choices of words show how Romeo feels towards Juliets beauty. Romeo sees eh beauty and ranks her as a shrine. In Romeos point of view, Juliet seems abnormal to him, because her facial features are described as bright. In a religious idea, a shrine would be a sacred monument that holds an important sector in a followers life, also would be portrayed as something holy. This is exactly wha t Romeo is trying to show Juliet that he feels that she can be associated to a shrine because of her beauty that has attracted Romeo.This religious imagery is then continued then continued by Juliet. Juliet, in her response to Romeo calls him a pilgrim. Significantly, a pilgrim is the one who prays or does religious activities at a holy shrine. So when Juliet says: Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, she is relating to what Romeo called her, showing her desire to align herself with him. Shakespeares use of religious imagery was for Romeo to use double meaning in order to gain what he wanted. This is a sacrilegious sonnet in which Juliet is a saint or shrine that is to be kissed by Romeo who is a pilgrim. This also relates to the actual fact that Romeo mean pilgrim in Italian and the play is set in Verona.Romeo and Juliets first meeting has been dramatised by Shakespeare in a remarkable way. The reason for its significance is that Juliet has been engaged at this party. How ever, she meets Romeo, who swiftly gives up all emotions towards Rosaline and at the party he has revealed his feelings for Juliet. At the end of the party, both Romeo and Juliet have been touched emotionally by each other.The audience already have full knowledge about the hatred and conflicts between Romeos family and Juliets family. Despite the concern of a violent incident, the young Montague still decide to attend the Capulet party that has been invited to all except the Montague family. Romeo being amongst the group has been noticed by Juliets cousin Tybalt: This, by his voice, should be a Montague. Tybalt informs his uncle Capulet about the sighting of Romeo. Much to his surprise, Capulet does not give his permission to Tybalt to do anything to Romeo because this would embarrass Capulet in the presence of his guests: Youll not endure him! God shall mend my soul! Youll make a mutiny among my guests! Shakespeare has made the first meeting of Romeo and Juliet very dramatic accord ing its circumstances. Romeo is full aware that if he and his fellow friends are noticed they may be killed. However, Romeo still takes the risk, he does not seem too worried, this ultimately exposes his sense of immaturity.After all guests have left, Romeo decides to head back to see Juliet again. So he walked through the Capulet orchard and eventually finds Juliet up on a balcony. Romeo talks to himself about Juliet, and Juliet is unaware of his presence. When Romeo sees Juliet again he says: But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?, It is the east, and Juliet is the sun, Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon. Romeo then invokes the darkness or the night as a type of safeguard from harm: I have nights cloak to hide me from their eyes. This conflict between darkness and light or day and night will not end until the disarray of the day in due course overcomes the passionate nights and ultimately this finishes the lives of both lovers.This also demonstrates Romeos meta phoric use of imagery of the cosmos. In one of the quotes above, Romeo is saying that Juliet is the sun and she should kill the moon that is jealous because of Juliets beauty. Personification is also present in that quote, because in reality the moon will not be able to feel jealousy. Romeo has always compared Rosaline to the moon and now that he is in love with Juliet he believes his love for Juliet has outshone the love that he had for Rosaline. This could have referred to Greek mythology because Romeo later says: Be not her maid, since she is envious: Her vestal livery and none but fools wear it; cast if off. Romeo is suggesting that Juliet should no longer worship the Greek god and lose her virginity to him. This reveals his inner thoughts and showing his impulsiveness.Romeo also states that Juliet is his love: It is my lady, O, it is my love! an example of a hyperbole that is used by Romeo is when he says: Two of the fairest stars in all the heavens having some business, do ent reat her eyes to twinkle in their spheres till they return. Romeo is describing Juliets eyes as being so bright that they are like start n the night sky. Romeo also says that he wishes that he were a glove on Juliets hand so he can feel her cheek: O, that! Were a glove upon that hand, that o might touch that cheek! so far the audience has witnessed Romeos inner thoughts. Romeo also exposes his sexual desire to make love to Juliet. Romeo begins to present evidence of growing maturity in this scene of the balcony. His speeches that he is saying to himself are now in blank verse relatively different from the rhythmic iambic pentameter apparent in his earlier sonnets and couplets. Romeo is no longer the miserable that was shown in several accounts in Act 1. Up to this point; Romeo has articulated his feelings in a traditional and idiomatic style.Juliet discovers that Romeo is a Montague and if Juliet falls in love with him, this case will certainly coincide with the disapproval from bot h their parents and families. However, Juliet is not troubled by this. Juliet is talking to herself in the balcony unaware of Romeo listening to her: O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny they father and refuse thy name; or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, and Ill no longer be a Capulet. Juliet is saying that she is prepared to throw away her family name just to be with Romeo. Hearing this, Romeo is fully assured that Juliet has feelings for him, he hesitates to make the decision of carrying on listening to her or to talk to her: Shall, I hear more, or shall I speak at this? Juliet feels that it does not matter what Romeos name is, all that matters is that he is still the same person: Whats in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.Juliet soon discovers Romeo has heard what she was saying: What man art thou that thus bescreend in night so stumblest on my counsel. Juliet is shocked when confronted by Romeo. Romeo says that his name i s like an enemy to him: My name, dear saint, is hateful to myself, because is an enemy to thee. Notice that Romeo is referring back to their first meeting: dear saint. Romeo is so desperate to win Juliets heart that he is willing to fulfil Juliets satisfaction and throw away his name. Juliet tells Romeo that if he were to be caught climbing over the Capulet walls he would be killed, Romeo immaturely replies: For string limits cannot hold love out Therefore the kinsmen are not let to me.Romeo behaves in a sweet manor towards Juliet: Alack, there lies more peril in thine eye than twenty of their swords. Romeo is telling Juliet that is she was to look at him harshly that would be more painful than someone coming to him with a sword. Romeo thinks Juliet as being his possession: I would adventure for some merchandise, Romeo sees love as an adventure. Juliet is obviously impressed by the romantic language used by Romeo: Thou knowst the mask of night is on my face, else would a maiden blus h bepaint my cheeks. Juliet discloses to Romeo that is it was not dark he would be able to see Juliets face. Juliet asks Romeo if he loves her: Dost thou love me? instead of hearing a response from Romeo,Juliet predicts his response: I know thou wilt say Ay and I will take thy word: yet if thou swearst thou mayst prove false, Juliet tells Romeo that she knows he will reply yes to her question, however, she did not let him give his reply because she is nervous that he will say no. Juliet also informs Romeo that she is not easily won: If thou dost love, pronounce it faithfully or if thou thinkst I am too quickly won.Romeo is left in a slight dilemma: O, wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? Romeo asks Juliet if she is going to leave him unsatisfied. Juliet got an impression that he wants to do something physical with her: What satisfaction canst thou have tonight? Juliet tells Romeo that in no circumstances will there be any physical activities going on between them. Without any delay Ro meo makes a proposal to her: The exchange of thy loves faithful vow for mine. Juliet happily informs that she has already given her consent before his proposal: I gave thee mine before thou didst request it. On the night of Juliets engagement to Paris, she has given her consent to the proposal for marriage from Romeo. In the matter of only the first day of Romeo and Juliets meeting, they have already exchanged vows. This shows how quickly their relationship has progressed.Romeos attitude to love is that he feels it is an adventure. Romeo, without any hesitation has taken the burden of marriage at an inexperienced age and with an inexperienced 13 year old. He seems to not understand the fundamental aspects of love, he makes situations more chaotic. He has fallen into love with someone on the day they met and on that very same he asks her to get married. Whereas, on the other hand we have Juliet, who sees love as something that develops and progresses over time: This bud of love, by s ummers ripening breath, may prove a beauteous flower when next we meet. She is saying that she sees love as a flower that will blossom beautifully over time. Ironically, flowers die in the end and the dramatic irony in this is that they both die in the end. Juliet also uses an epithet when she says: sweet Montague.The dynamic of Romeo and Juliets relationship has changed too, Juliet feels more confident. Juliet is obviously overwhelmed because Romeo has displayed his sincerity by declaring a marriage proposal and exchange vows. The evidence that proves that Juliet has more confidence and she has taken over control in the following quote: Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow, by on that Ill proceed to come to thee, where and what time thou wilt perform the rite. This is an open display of how the dynamic of their relationship of their relationship has changed. Juliet organises the marriage, she also proposes that they should get married tomorrow. Juliet asks Romeo what time th ey will get married tomorrow, he replies: At the hour of nine. She responds to this by saying: I will not fail: tis twenty years till then. She uses extreme exaggeration; this is an example a hyperbole.Juliets character has evolved from what she was in the opening scenes. She is more confident in making her own decisions and is no longer obedient toward her parents. Romeo has left his old self where he was melodramatic, but he would have been over exaggerating if Juliet too did not did not approve of his emotions. However, Romeo has revealed his impulsive nature when he asked Juliet for hand in marriage on the night of their meeting.Over Acts 1 and 2 the audience have witnessed vast changes in Romeo and Juliets character. We have seen how Juliet and Romeos character has evolved and we can conclude that the couple make a dangerous combination. The reasons for this is that Romeo will proceed into great lengths to satisfy hi inner desire and Juliet is in illusion by Romeos choice of la nguage and romantic nature. Eventually the couple will lead to their own destruction because of their tragic deaths in the final scene. Because of the fact that they are young and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, they do not have the sufficient knowledge and experience and this also results in their death. Shakespeare has devised this play script in a unique way; his message is to show how young love without any experience may conclude in a tragedy. He has displayed how the individual characteristics of two lovers and their attitude to love can demolish their lives.

The Sherpa People of the Himalayas

The Sherpa People of the Himalayas The Sherpa are an ethnic group who live in the high mountains of the Himalayas in Nepal. Well-known for being guides to Westerners who want to climb Mt. Everest, the highest mountain in the world, the Sherpa have an image of being hard-working, peaceful, and brave. Increasing contact with Westerners, however, is drastically changing Sherpa culture. Who Are the Sherpa? The Sherpa migrated from eastern Tibet to Nepal around 500 years ago. Prior to Western intrusion in the twentieth century, the Sherpa didnt climb mountains. As Nyingma Buddhists, they reverently passed by the high peaks of the Himalaya, believing them to be the homes of the gods. The Sherpa eked their livelihood from high-altitude farming, cattle raising, and wool spinning and weaving. It wasnt until the 1920s that Sherpa became involved in climbing. The British, who controlled the Indian subcontinent at the time, planned mountain climbing expeditions and hired Sherpa as porters. From that point on, due to their willingness to work and ability to climb the worlds tallest peaks, mountaineering became part of the Sherpa culture. Reaching the Top of Mt. Everest Although numerous expeditions had made the attempt, it wasnt until 1953 that Edmund Hillary and a Sherpa named Tenzing Norgay managed to reach the 29,028 foot (8,848 meter) peak of Mount Everest. After 1953, countless teams of climbers have wanted the same achievement and have thus invaded the Sherpa homeland, hiring an ever-increasing number of Sherpa as guides and porters.   In 1976, the Sherpa homeland and Mount Everest became protected as part of Sagarmatha National Park. The park was created through the efforts not only of the government of Nepal but also through the work of the Himalayan Trust, a foundation established by Hillary. Changes in Sherpa Culture The influx of mountaineers into the Sherpa homeland has dramatically transformed Sherpa culture and way of life. Once an isolated community, Sherpa life now greatly revolves around foreign climbers. The first successful climb to the summit in 1953 popularized Mt. Everest and brought more climbers to the Sherpa homeland. While once only the most experienced climbers attempted Everest, now even inexperienced climbers expect to reach the top. Each year, hundreds of tourists flock to the Sherpa homeland, are given a few lessons in mountaineering, and then head up the mountain with Sherpa guides. The Sherpa cater to these tourists by providing gear, guiding, lodges, coffee shops, and Wifi. The income provided by this Everest industry has made the Sherpa one of the richest ethnicities in Nepal,  making about seven times the per capita income of all Nepalese. For the most part, Sherpa no longer serve as porters for these expeditions - they contract that job out to other ethnicities but retain positions such as head porter or lead guide. Despite the increased income, traveling on Mt. Everest is a dangerous job - very dangerous. Of the numerous deaths on Mt. Everest, 40% are Sherpas.  Without life insurance, these deaths are leaving in their wake a large number of widows and fatherless children. On April 18, 2014, an avalanche fell and killed 16 Nepalese climbers, 13 of whom were Sherpas. This was a devastating loss to the Sherpa community, which consists of only about 150,000 individuals. While most Westerners expect the Sherpa to take this risk, the Sherpa themselves are becoming increasingly concerned about the future of their society.

CRISIS COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRISIS COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Pirates were armed with deadly weapons including AK-47 rifles, rocket-propelled grenades and Anti-tank rocket launches at the time of the attack that could devastate the ship. The pirates are dressed in military fatigues. Furthermore, they use high tech satellites equipments to communicate with their mother ship. The high tech phones and GPS systems were used by terrorist pirates to coordinate attacks using small but very fast speed boats that are resupplied by mother ship. When the pirates fired on the ship, crew members gathered all the passengers in a central lounge away from decks and windows during the attack. Luckily, no serious hurts have been reported. However, a number of passengers and crew members are under shock and ship sustained minor damages. The pirates followed Smooth Magic ship and boarded it on Monday morning after four hour chase. The ship through its captain sent a distress call but no naval ship was near at that time to rescue it. Following fierce attack on the ship, the captain surrendered the ship to pirates to secure safety of all people on board as well as the entire ship. The Smooth Magic was then commandeered by the pirates to southern part of Somalia. This brings to ten the number of vessels that pirates are holding captive with passengers and crew in the lawless southern section of Somali. ... The hijacking incident is being monitored closely by the company in collaboration with relevant Maritime authorities to protect the lives of passengers and crew members on board and the ship at large. The Smooth Magic cruise ship has six hundred passengers and three hundred crew members on board. On board the cruise ship are American, Europeans, Asians and Africans. According to captain John Williams of the Smooth Magic, the number of pirates who hijacked Smooth Magic is estimated to be about forty eight. The company has been communicating with the Captain, who updates the company on the developments and he has assured the company that no single person has been hurt so far. Furthermore, there are no incidents of pirate’s ruthlessness because our crew members and passengers cooperated. The pirates have also not robbed passengers of their personal belongings because their leader categorically stated that they are only interested on ransom and have instructed his fellow armed pir ates not to rob passengers or crew members. Communication between the company and the pirates via satellite phone revealed that the pirates are demanding a ransom of $500,000. The leader of the pirates only known has Adan refused to divulge more information about themselves but promised to keep the passengers, crew members and entire ship safe if their demands are met. This unfortunate hijacking incident is the first to happen to our ships. However, the company is doing all it can to ensure that all passengers and crew on board as well as the entire ship are safe. The company is negotiating with the pirates on the best possible outcome. The company considers the hijacking incident serious. Hence, it has placed the incident on high dimension/high control crisis.