Rubric - Quick Guide for all Content Areas

A rubric is a tool that teachers use to assess many different types of assignments including written work, projects, speeches, and more. Every rubric is divided into a set of criteria (ex: organization, evidence, conclusion) with descriptors or markers of quality to explain each criterion. A rubric also has a rating scale that uses point values or standard performance levels to identify a students level of mastery for an assignment. The rating scale on a rubric makes it an excellent way to grade an assignment as well as a way to progress monitor student performance over time. Rubrics are also useful as teaching tools that spell out expectations for students to follow. Research shows that student input in constructing rubrics can improve scores and engagement. Finally, rubrics can also be used to facilitate self and peer reviews of student work. Rubric Criterion Generally, all rubrics, regardless of subject matter, contain criteria for introductions and conclusions. Standards of English, or grammar and spelling, are also criteria common in a rubric. There are, however, many different criteria or measurements in a rubric that are subject specific. For example, in a rubric for an English literary essay, the criteria might include: Purpose or thesis statementOrganizationEvidence and support In contrast, a rubric for a science lab report might feature other measurements such as: ProblemDefinitionsData and resultsSolution The descriptors for the criteria contains qualifying language for each level of performance that links the rubric assignment or task to the lesson or units learning objectives. These descriptors are what make a rubric different from a checklist. The explanations detail the quality of each element in a rubric according to a standard of mastery while a checklist does not. Scoring with Rubric Descriptors Student work can be rated on a rubric according to different scales or levels of mastery. Some examples of levels on rubric could be: 5-scale rubric: mastery, accomplished, developing, emerging, unacceptable4-scale rubric: above proficiency, proficient, approaching proficiency, below proficiency3-scale rubric: outstanding, satisfactory, unsatisfactory The descriptors on the rubric are different for each level of mastery. Take, for example, the difference in the language in a 3-scale rubric that rates student work for the criterion incorporation of evidence: Outstanding: Appropriate and accurate evidence is explained  well.  Satisfactory: Appropriate evidence is explained, however, some inaccurate information is included.  Unsatisfactory: Evidence is missing or irrelevant. When the teacher uses a rubric to score student work, the value of each element must be done in increments, and different point values can be assigned. For example, a rubric can be organized to award 12 points for outstanding use of evidence, 8 points for satisfactory use of evidence, and 4 points for unsatisfactory use of evidence. It is possible to weight one criterion or element to count more heavily in the grading. For example, a social studies teacher may decide to triple the points for the incorporation of evidence in a students response. Increasing the value for this element to 36 points when the other elements in an assignment are 12 points each indicates to the student the importance of this criterion. In this example, the assignment, now worth a total of 72 points, could be broken down as follows: Introduction or thesis- 12 pointsEvidence- 36 pointsOrganization-12 pointsConclusion-12 points Reasons for Rubrics When rubrics are given to the students before they complete their work, students have a better understanding of how they will be assessed. Rubrics may also help reduce the time spent on grading which may result in an increase of time spent on teaching. One important benefit of using rubrics for assignments is that they help teachers develop consistency in evaluating student performance across a class. When used on a larger scale, rubrics can provide a consistent scoring method across a grade,  school, or district. For some assignments, multiple teachers can grade a students work using the same rubric and then average those grades. This process, known as calibration, can help build teacher agreement around the different levels such as exemplary, proficient, and developing. More on Rubrics: Creating and Using RubricsHow to Create Rubrics

Plagiarism And Plagiarism For Academic Integrity - 995 Words

In my opinion, academic integrity refers to the principles associated with being honest and responsible in one academic work. Academic integrity is a vital concept for all academic institutions throughout the globe especially in an era where academic dishonesty is gaining momentum. Cheating and plagiarism represent unethical academic behaviors against which higher academic institutions have been battling against. Nowadays, plagiarism and cheating tools have been greatly influenced by new technological trends providing students with unethical solutions going against academic integrity. I will now proceed on elaborating on the behavioral characteristics going against academic integrity then, I will highlight the danger associated with plagiarism before finally concluding my argumentation with the reasons behind the rise of academic dishonesty. Cheating can be defined as to deceive or trick or to act dishonestly. (Oxford Dictionaries, 2015). Moreover, plagiarism can be defined as â₠¬Å"the practice of taking someone else s work or ideas and passing them off as one s own.† (Oxford Dictionaries, 2015). Both cheating and plagiarism can be done purposely as an act of pure dishonesty. Some individuals are not willing to allocate the necessary time and effort for their academic studies. They often chose the easiest solution and opt for copying another author’s work without mentioning it accordingly. It is necessary to highlight that instances of plagiarism occurShow MoreRelatedPlagiarism And Academic Integrity : Plagiarism1305 Words   |  6 PagesPlagiarism is a topic that is consistently brought up in many areas of education.1 In every syllabus presented to students, there is a section that refers to plagiarism and academic integrity. Plagiarism can be defined as â€Å"the act or instance of stealing or passing off ideas or words of another as one’s own.†2 Despite this being an important piece of information; students may overlook thi s material and still plagiarize. In a study from the University of Toronto, 90% of senior pharmacy students admittedRead MorePlagiarism And Academic Integrity999 Words   |  4 PagesAcademic integrity is a set of coherent principles and values that each student should adhere to while pursuing a higher education. These values endorse the very mission of academics in its entirety. integrity, trustworthiness, hard-work, and persistence are all behaviors that interpret personal and professional attributes of Academic integrity (Missouri, 2017). Plagiarism plays a very detrimental part in violation these principles which can lead to serious consequences academically. PlagiarismRead MoreAcademic Integrity And Student Plagiarism1622 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay concerns the issues of academic integrity as plagiarism and buying essays. This work addresses, much attention will be paid to the background of breaches of academic integrity. Students’ behavior will be described and thoroughly analyzed. This essay will provide an understanding that current educational system itself creates prerequisites for such violations. Nowadays, American students try to subvert the educational system by using plagiarism in essays. The educational system tries toRead MoreWhy Plagiarism Is Important For Academic Integrity?1731 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the Role of Plagiarism in regards to Academic Integrity? Plagiarism, â€Å"the act of using another person s words or ideas without giving credit to that person: the act of plagiarizing something† (Merriam-Webster, 2017), is said to be reaching epidemic proportions (Park,2003). Throughout history, plagiarism has been an issue, however, the severity and the implications where not fully understood until the development of the printing press in the 17th century. Now in the age of information sharingRead MorePlagiarism Is Not The Right Way903 Words   |  4 PagesPlagiarism has been around for a long time, nowadays it’s easier to tell if someone plagiarizes. Plagiarism is not the way to go it is not worth the risk and definitely has it consequences. Plagiarism is an act or instance of using or closely imitating the thoughts of another author without authorization and passing it as your own (Dictionary.com). Plagiarism is the work of those who are not willing to put in the time and effort it takes to write original content. Which can be a form of cheatingRead MorePlagiarism : Plagiarism And Plagiarism815 Words   |  4 Pages There are many types of plagiarism, including several scenarios of inadvertent and deliberate plagiarism. This essay will discuss how plagiarism is defined, the various types of plagiarism, why plagiarism is such a serious problem, the impact of the internet on academic integrity, and how plagiarism can be avoided. It will also provide suggestions on ways to eliminate both inadvertent and deliberate plagiarism. There are several ways to define plagiarism. One such definition, according to the RegisRead MoreThe Silent Harm of Plagiarism Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesmind when we think about plagiarism, many people may think of theft or the act of stealing intellectual property. According to Webster-Merriams’ dictionary, plagiarism is â€Å"the act stealing and passing off (the ideas and words of others) as one’s own† (Webster-Merriam). Webster seems to have left a little something out. Plagiarism is not just the act of stealing one’s work. It is also the result of ethical deterioration of academic integrity. In the discussion of plagiarism, a controversial issue isRead MorePlagiarism and the Deterioration of Ethical Values Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesWhat comes to ones mind when we think about plagiarism, according to Webster-Merriams’ dictionary plagiarism is â€Å"the act stealing and passing off (the ideas and words of others) as ones own† (Webster-Merriam). Webster seems to have left a little something out, plagiarism is not just the act of stealing ones work, it is also the result of ethical deterioration of academic integrity. In discussion of plagiarism, a controversial issue is whether plagiarism is taken serious enough and what the severityRead MoreAction Plan and Annotated Bibliography on Maintaining Academic Honesty1390 Words   |  6 PagesAction plan: maintaining academic honesty Academic dishonesty is a serious issue for anyone regardless of the discipline they are pursuing or the contextual factors. It undermines the quality of the end product such as the services that the person engaging in academic dishonesty will provide in the future. It also beats the purpose of going through academic institutions that provide facilities and facilitators in the education process. Academic dishonesty is, therefore, wrong in all forms and isRead More The Problems of Plagiarism Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism is an academic misconduct in which students use someone’s ideas or information in their work without proper referencing. While western culture insists that sources of words, ideas, images, sounds be documented for academic purposes, â€Å"plagiarism is now recognized as a serious problem especially in university where students are just copying words from web sites or someone else’s work† (The Owl At Purdue, 2007 ). According to East (2 006, p.16), â€Å"many Australian universities are now developing

The Effects of an Ageing Population free essay sample

The Effects of an Ageing Population 1. Think of some examples of goods and services for which demand will rise as a consequence of ageing Population. How should marketers address this new buyer segment? For examples, life expectancy In the US has increased from 45 in 1902 to 75. 7 In 2004; one of the greatest achievements of the twentieth century is a dramatic rise in life expectancy. However, declining birth rates combined with increased life expectancy had caused to worry more about the value of an ageing population. Frequently, we hear about demographic time bombs and the fear future generations ill grapple to meet an Increasing number of retired workers and pension commitments. There is interrogation about the worlds ageing population. As the table that shown above (5. 9), in the world there are 6. 9 billion people over 80 years old, this Is the fastest growing part of the population in 2000_ There are the fastest growing segments for all parts of the world are the older ones, for the more developed countries reduction In the size of O to 59 age groups are forecasted. The predictions are made on the suppositions that present trends in life expectancy and ertility rates will continue. There are two main reasons of the world population ageing increased life expectancy and lower fertility. Figure 5. 1 shows the fertility and Figure 5. 2 shows the same group of the worlds population In 1950 and 2050 between the life expectancy. Fertility rate dropped significantly in 1950 and 2000, and this trend is expected to continue into the future all parts of the world. All around the world In life expectancy has risen opposite and Is also expected to continue to do so. These two trends together, means that the average age of the worlds population Increases, of course, vary considerably between countries, but the general situation Is convergent. Table 5. 10 shows the selected product in 2002 in the UK weekly expenditure. It can be seen; the older age groups spend less beer and cider, cigarettes and visiting the cinema or theater, but in the united Kingdom and the health Insurance holiday younger age groups. As companies respond to these changes will shift resources towards services, which will bring further changes in the Industrial structure. There are great differences in the pattern of demand, increase with age and, if the rey-scale population growth companies will have to respond to changing needs. If you repeat the experience of the united States, the worlds grey population will spend more for education and leisure services. Many retirees are returned to education opportunities to pursue their own Interests. An Important part of marketing has long been recognized as demographic change Environment and needs continuous monitoring. This is especially true in the united States, and now the trend Is clearly an early start In Europe, a large elderly population, affluence and has great market power in the case. Older consumers are alled woof Market merchants Rich old folk- as an Important part of the market. to De accepted currently at tne age 0T 40 Is called I Ir n a Age wnen tney arrlvea 50- age groups, they will have more free time; have better health, more money and higher expectations than their predecessors. Third agers in the United States have a higher demand for education and leisure services than their predecessors they use a lot of sports centres, cinemas and evening classes. Equally important is the population in the market segment marketing, there are numerous examples in which the separation factor of age. Identify the different needs and hopes the festival market in different age groups are 18-30 holidays cater to the young company, and Saga Holidays cater to 50 years of age. Interestingly, that have been made to give advice, Saga Holidays are often associated with young tourists now provide what holidays such as elephant trekking in Nepal. 2What types of policy can organisations use to: (a) Encourage the older worker to stay in employment for longer? To encourage the older worker to stay in employment for a longer period of time, then the firms need to aware the fearful things like: portion of young people recruited is too ggressive and advent of new technology. If the company has a lot of young people that the old people will not like it. If the new technology is always updating then the old people cannot follow then they will less interest on the Job. Old people also dont want to work with the young people then the old people are enlisted. For protected all of these things happen, the company needs to provide training to the workers and inexperienced staffs. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the main objective is to share the experience of its 30 member countries, inform decision-makers and the public debate. Mark Keith reports research policy discussion and debate, in six countries, aging and employment. Population aging is important, especially in human resources strategy within the organization. These industries employ young tradition. There will be fewer and fewer young people entering the labour market for two reasons: First, there is less and the second with a higher percentage and now live in the school. Other sources of the labour force will need to find to meet demand. Meanwhile people continue to take early retirement in the United States, only 60 years old and 65 men between the ages of half still orking, in some European countries the proportion is much lower. Create a number of early retirement culture, and some have been punished individuals who wish to exceed the retirement age pension system exacerbate this policy in the 1980s and 1990s by the organization downsizing. Combination leave early means fewer young people entering the labour force in many countries employers and more people are facing engineering contracting market. One possibility is that more and older people in the labour force participation. This means that age discrimination, human resource management practices, will have to change. Employers often view older workers are more expensive , not flexible enough , the lack of the necessary skills , but statistics show that over 40 age group will receive less training than other groups . Many of these studies have shown no difference between the ages ability to acquire new skills. This is often the case, older workers more reliable, more experienced less absenteeism than younger workers. Many employers around the world recognize this and are implementing policies to encourage older workers. Employment of older people will call for changes in recruitment practices. Reserves ill Decome more Important laDour organlzatlon, tnereTore, tralnlng ana development, will take greater significance. Work will need to be more attractive, more part-time or temporary contracts. This may also overcome the impact of the cost that is a higher incremental pay scale of the old staff. According to the EIJ directive, but market forces have led some companies to take a different approach from the 2006 age discrimination will be banned in the European Union older workers. (b) Recruit older workers into the workplace? If the organization wants to recruit the older workers in the workplace, they must ake the older people to trust them. Example: the organization needs to provide health care services like free medical check-up, free screening, etc. The old people want the security and more leisure. The organisation must provide the part-time jobs, work at home, more holidays for the older people. If the policy wants to recruit the older workers, then they need to make everything be convenience for the older worker. Example: the organisation must no age limitation, work fare, redesign work, retirement age, existing staff recommendation and work hour flexibility must vailable in the organisation. There are financial impacts of an aging population. Potential support ratio (PSR) displays each person aged 65 and over the age of 1 5 to 64 years the number of people. It gives an indication of population aging on labour force dependency burden. This is between 1950 and 2002 fell from 12:1 to 9:1, and is expected to decline further to 4:1 by 2050 (see Table 5. 11). Table 5. 11 shows a similar pattern in the world there will be increasing financial burden on working-age people, due to the aging population. In the overall figures there are obvious differences. For example, in Japan, the ratio is expected in 2050, down from 4:1 in 2002 to . In the United States, immigration is generally higher (so aging is less obvious), from 5:1 to ratio is expected to decline. This means that a higher proportion of the population will depend on the support of a smaller proportion of the population- in health care resources and pension payments. Many countries are seeking their pension provisions to minimize the cost of dependence. For example, in the UK there has been a change in the burden of providing pensions from the state to the individual; many companies have ended heir final salary pension scheme. Nevertheless, it is still estimated to meet the needs of an aging population pensions, 2030 Britain needs a 5% average annual growth rate of GDP, which is much higher than the growth rate of the past in the I-JK state pension paid current taxes, but this is likely to change, so funds will come from the state pension investments is also possible that the retirement age will increase dependency, to reduce costs. In addition to the cost of pensions, the increase in the average age of the population with health care and the impact of health care costs. In this case, although the study pointed out that the aging of the population than ever before, more healthy, of course, affect the demand for healthcare. For example Alzheimers 65-year-olds in the I-JK, this proportion is 5%, increased by more than 80-20%. Therefore, it is necessary to provide more medical care, whether by the State or individuals to do this. The major changes of aging population are popular culture, in a period of time has been dominated by youth, crime most offense is committed by young people, the crime rate dropped, family relationships, along with declining irth rates and longer life expectancy beanpole family structure will become the norm. It Is clear Trom tnls Olscusslon, In many parts 0T tne world are experlenclng population aging in many different areas of business have a great impact.

The Impact of the Brexit Referendum on Pension Funds

Question: Discuss about The Impact of the Brexit Referendum on Pension Funds. Answer: Introduction The Brexit Referendum occurred in 2016 when the United Kingdom Government opted to withdraw or to exit the European Union. During that referendum, 51.9% voted to leave the European Union (Kao, and Authers, 2016, pp.2-50). This essay discusses why Britain opted to leave the European Union, and the action taken by the Bank of England weeks and months after the decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union. It also discusses the impact of the actions of the Bank of England actions on matters relating to the pension industry in the United Kingdom (Kao, and Authers, 2016, pp.2-50). This essay also discusses the obligations of pension funds and the rates of returns of pension funds to meet those obligations (Kao, and Authers, 2016, pp.2-50). Lastly, the essay evaluates the impact of Brexit on the rates of return for pensioners to maintain an acceptable standard of living concerning investment in the real estate industry (Kao, and Authers, 2016, pp.2-50). Reasons for Brexit There are three main reasons why Britain wanted to leave the European Union, namely: economics, immigration and identity (Arnold, 2012, Pp.210-299). The economics issue is that the United Kingdom sends money to the headquarters of the European Union (EU) known as an annual contribution, which the country is eligible to comply with or to contribute as a member of the European Union. The main aim of these grants was that the European Union could aid in matters relating to trade in a free market economy (Arnold, 2012, Pp.210-299). Ideally, the European Union could reduce the risks associated with trading and at the same time enable Britain realize high returns from trading at a common market (Arnold, 2012, Pp.201-299). The arguments for the United Kingdom were that these contributions were being redistributed to other member states, which could be used in other activities. The disadvantage of this is that leaving the European Union would lead to a wreck in the British Economy and probably the World Economy (Bbc.com, 2016). This is because Britain would be forced to leave the common market where they used to sell their goods in exchange for other products and services or cash for favorable terms unless they came into bilateral agreements with the European Union (Arnold, 2012, Pp.300-319). Despite these bilateral agreements, even if the European Union allows Britain to trade in the common market, they would be forced to sell under unfavorable terms in that they would not be protected against risk and returns. The United Kingdom Government also opted to leave the European Union due to immigration. On this factor, when Britain was a member state, any member of the European Union was able to relocate and work in the United Kingdom without needing a work permit or visa (Arnold, 2012, Pp.300-319). Here, the government of the United Kingdom non-citizens of the United Kingdom would come up and use the already scarce natural and public resources such as National Health Service and welfare. The government was afraid that immigration would lead to overcrowding in urban areas as well as depletion of resources that were already scarce (Arnold, 2012, Pp.300-319). Space was also limited, and immigration of the non-citizens would have led to overcrowding and hence overpopulation. Other Democrats argued that immigration was good for the economy. They made this claim in that they believed that it would open a way so that the United Kingdom could trade in other countries (Arnold, 2012, Pp.300-319). It woul d also reduce the barriers and tariffs to trade as it would be perceived as they were upholding the interests of the people of the member states of the European Union. The last reason but not the least why the United Kingdom opted to exit the European Union was issues relating to identity (Bodie, Kane and Marcus, 2014, Pp.310-318). Here, the people of the United Kingdom did not perceive themselves as Europeans, and the question they had in mind was whether the British identity in the European Union was a complicated one. Ideally, as a member state the United Kingdom had to comply with the various European Union policies which some seemed overly constrictive and ridiculous such as the policy relating to bananas and pet horses (Bodie, Kane and Marcus, 2014, Pp.310-318). Here, the Brussels bosses banned the selling of rogue bananas that had malformations and abnormal curvatures. These restrictions seemed absurd which made the United Kingdom opt to leave the European Union (EU). The other restriction was on pet horses, which made it illegal for people to eat pet horses. However, they were still allowed to eat other horses (Bbc.com, 2016). The governmen t of the United Kingdom (UK) argued that since they were allowed to eat other types of horses, they had to be allowed to eat other horses (Bodie, Kane and Marcus, 2014, Pp.310-318). Due to this disagreement, the United Kingdom opted to leave the European Union. Major Actions were taken by the Bank of England following the Decision of the United Kingdom to Leave the European Union The Bank of England anticipated a period of uncertainty and adjustment weeks and months after Brexit. Here, they expected that there would be volatility in the market and the economy. The Bank of England was well prepared for this (Layne, 2014, Pp.198-218). They engaged in extensive contingency planning or other words known as Plan B.' Because of this, the Bank of England had to raise over 130 billion of capital by offering loans at a high interest rate to cater for the fluctuations and the volatility of the economy and the market. The Bank of England also planned to assess the economic conditions of the United Kingdom after their exit in the European Union. They also judged that the risks that were associated with Brexit were the most significant ones as all sectors of the economy both private and public would be affected by the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union. They claimed that the departure would lead to financial instability in the country. To mitigate these risks, the Bank of England took actions such as ensuring that the core of the financial systems of the United Kingdom was well-capitalized, stable and liquid (Layne, 2014, Pp.198-218). They were able to do this since the Bank of England had liquidity facilities about the sterling and foreign currencies preventing the erosion or depreciation of their currency against other currencies. The Bank of England took other actions such as consulting and cooperating with all the relevant domestic and international authorities such as the World Bank. This was done to ensure that the financial system of the United Kingdom could be able to absorb any financial distress and that it could be able to concentrate on serving the real economy (Layne, 2014, Pp.222-261). Due to the decisions made by the United Kingdom, the economy country had to adjust to new trading relationships. The contribution or the actions of the Bank of England to this matter were that they would continue to relentlessly pursue their responsibilities for financial and monetary stability in the United Kingdom. Impact of the Actions taken by the Bank of England on the UK Pension Industry Obligations of the Pension Fund After Brexit, the United Kingdom's pension funding hit 900 billion. This resulted in a deficit after the surprise vote that Britain made to leave the European Union (EU). This shortfall prompted some concerns about the future of some retirement schemes since the government would not be able to afford the payment of pension funds anymore (Oliver, 2016, pp.99-110). The vote to leave the European Union was unpredicted and therefore financial markets had not priced in the possibility of the Brexit. According to John Hatchet, the head of corporate consulting at Hymans Robertson, pension funds had limitations such as their ability to adequately protect themselves from such stresses and uncertainties (Layne, 2014, Pp.222-261). Following their vote to leave, the falls in the expectations of the country for the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United Kingdom (UK) would weigh on the equity markets as well as the interest rates. This would, therefore, put more pressure on the funding. The B ank of England implemented actions such as small saving interest rates. According to various financial analysts, many pension funds would implode in the next three years if the Bank of England continues with the low interest rate policy. The Brexit would, therefore, create more pain for the pension funds since there would be continued volatility in the market thereby affecting the health of the benefit schemes of the United Kingdom (Layne, 2014, pp.222-261). These analysts further state that the increased volatility of the sterling pound and the euro would also have a further impact on the pension schemes set by the country. Required Rate of Returns for Pension Funds to Meet those Obligations After the Brexit, the pension funds in Europe were likely to implode over the next two to three years as the Bank of England continued to offer the low interest rate policy (Tatham, 2016, Pp.8). In this case, the required rate of return for the pension funds would be little since the country could no longer afford to pay them or to meet those obligations. The volatility of the yields of retirement funds as well as the sterling pound and the euro would have an effect on the pension schemes as the possibility of the government of the United Kingdom to default payment of those obligations would be very high (Learner, 2016, pp.402). According to David Bennett of Redington Investment Consulting, massive deficits would become the biggest concern for example in BHS, which collapsed this year leaving behind a deficit on pension funds of 571 million (Goodwin, and Heath, 2016, pp.323-332). Apparently, after the Brexit, many corporations both private and public were unable to pay the pension f unds for their employees as the Bank of England had taken actions such as the low interest rate policy. The Impact of Brexit on the Required Rates of Return for Pensioners to Achieve and Maintain an Acceptable Standard of Living The Brexit set back the rates of return of pensioners. Many organizations were unable to meet the pension fund obligations because the Bank of England had taken precautionary measures such as the low interest rate policy (MacShane, 2015, pp.1067-1094). Since the pensioners received small pension funds or none at all, their standards of living tremendously decreased as they could not be able to cope up with the rising costs of living in the United Kingdom (UK) as the sterling pound and the market kept on fluctuating. Many pensioners could no longer afford health care facilities and food as they had heavily depended on the fact that they would be given pension funds by the government, which they would use for survival. This in its entirety shows that the Brexit reduced the returns of the pensioners thus making it impossible to achieve an acceptable standard of living. Conclusion The rise of the Brexit was the increase of all problems for the U.K. It greatly influenced the country in terms of trade and fluctuations of the sterling (Emerson, Avery, Beblavy?, Behrens, Blockmans, Brady, Gros, Ha?jkova?, Lannoo, ?azowski, Nu?n?ez Ferrer, Peers, and Wriglesworth, n.d., Pp.1-109). The U.K. was unable to meet its obligations of paying pension funds thus reducing the returns to meet those requirements. Lastly, the rise of the Brexit led to low standards of living to the residents of U.K. References Kao, J., and Authers, J. (2016). Capital Markets, Pensions and bonds: the problem explained, Bond mathematics and the scale of pension deficits [online]. London: The Financial Times. Pp.2-50. Retrieved on 10 October 2016 from https://ig.ft.com/sites/pensions-interestratesexplainer/ Arnold, G. (2012). Modern financial markets and institutions: The value of the financial system, Bond Markets, Chapter 1. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Pp.210-299. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Arnold, G. (2012). Modern financial markets and institutions: Money markets, the time value of money, Chapter 5. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Pp.300-319. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Bodie, Z., Kane and Marcus, A. (2014). Investments: Risk, return, and the historical record, Determinants of the level of interest rates, Chapter 5. (10th global edition). Pp.310-318. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill. Layne, N. (2014). The Investment Environment, Risk, and Return, Topic 11. Pp.198-218. London: University of London. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Layne, N. (2014). The Financial System and the Global Financial Crisis, Topic 12. Pp.222-261. London: University of London. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Bbc.com (2016). Eight reasons Leave won the UK's referendum on the EU. Bbc News. Web. Retrieved on 10th October 2016 from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36574526 Oliver, T. (2016). The world after Brexit: From British referendum to global adventure. International Politics. Pp.99-110. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Tatham, A. (2016). The Legitimacy of Discriminatory Disenfranchisement? The Impact of the Rules on the Right to Vote in the Bremain/Brexit Referendum. Perspectives on Federalism, 8(1). Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Learner, S. (2016). The EU Referendum: Brexit news analysis for careers in the UK. Nursing and Residential Care, 18(8), pp.402-402. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Goodwin, M., and Heath, O. (2016). The 2016 Referendum, Brexit, and the Left Behind: An Aggregate-level Analysis of the Result. The Political Quarterly, 87(3), pp.323-332. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. MacShane, D. (2015). Brexit. London: I.B. Tauris Co. Ltd. Pp.1067-1094. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Kierzenkowski, R., Pain, N., Rusticelli, E. and Zwart, S. (2016). The Economic Consequences of Brexit. Paris: OECD Publishing. Pp.230-312. Retrieved on 10 October 2016. Emerson, M., Avery, G., Beblavy?, M., Behrens, A., Blockmans, S., Brady, H., Gros, D., Ha?jkova?, A., Lannoo, K., ?azowski, A., Nu?n?ez Ferrer, J., Peers, S. and Wriglesworth, M. (n.d.). Britain's future in Europe, the known Plan A to remain or the unknown Plan B to leave. Pp.1-109. Retrieved on 10 October 2016.